WEBVTT

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[AMBIENT MUSIC]

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[BIRDS CHIRPING]

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As the Sun rises over
the Guiana Space Center,

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the team conducts final checks
on the health and status

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of the Ariane 5 rocket
and its payload.

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The James Webb Space
Telescope, NASA's number

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one science priority.

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[UPLIFTING MUSIC]

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The Webb Telescope is designed
to look back to a time

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when stars and galaxies
were first forming over

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13.5 billion years ago.

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With its revolutionary
design and capabilities,

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the Webb Telescope
is about to unleash

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a new dawn of discovery.

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[SPEAKING FRENCH]

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Seconds before liftoff, the
Ariane 5's liquid-fueled engine

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comes to full power, followed
by the ignition of the two

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solid rockets.

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We have liftoff.

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[ROCKETS ROAR]

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The Webb Telescope is
finally on its way,

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the result of years of
study and development

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by thousands of team members
in the United States, Canada,

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and Europe.

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The Webb spacecraft
ascends nearly vertically

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through the heavy lower
atmosphere of Earth.

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As the rocket reaches
maximum acceleration,

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the spent solid rocket
motors are jettisoned safely

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into the Atlantic Ocean.

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Reaching the upper
atmosphere where protection

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is no longer needed,
the payload fairing

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is jettisoned and falls away.

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Accelerating through
the atmosphere,

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the Ariane 5 rocket's first
stage expends its fuel

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and shuts down.

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The empty first stage then
separates from the upper stage.

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After first stage separation and
before second stage ignition,

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the Webb Telescope has a
slightly downward trajectory

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as it speeds over
the Atlantic Ocean.

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The upper stage motor ignites.

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And the ascent to L2 resumes,
never again to be interrupted.

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The exposed
telescope is delicate

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and must be protected from
the Sun's fierce heat.

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To avoid overheating and damage,
a carefully designed series

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of oscillations are
performed that provide

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the necessary protection.

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Near the end of powered
flight, the roll program stops,

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and the launcher then
assumes the proper attitude

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for separation.

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[GENTLE MUSIC]

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After separation from
the Ariane upper stage,

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the Webb Telescope
continues its journey to L2

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under its own power--

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taking the next step to
its final orbital station

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one million miles from Earth.

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The Webb Telescope
is about to unleash

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a new dawn of discovery.

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[ORCHESTRAL MUSIC]

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[GENTLE MUSIC]

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The Webb Telescope separates
from the launcher's

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second stage.

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The white ring
close to the Earth

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represents the Hubble
Space Telescope's orbit.

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And the larger orbit is
the geosynchronous orbit

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where most telecommunications
satellites are located.

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The solar array is
Webb's first deployment.

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When completed, all of
Webb's electrical power needs

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are satisfied by the solar
array for the remainder

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of the mission.

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The onboard control
system continually

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monitors and
updates the attitude

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to ensure power generation
and thermal safety.

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To preserve the
cleanliness of the mirrors,

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thrusters are located
only on the sunlit side

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of the observatory.

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The trajectory is
designed without employing

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a retrofire, which necessitates
pointing the delicate telescope

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at the Sun.

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If course corrections
are needed,

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these velocity additions must
be done early in the flight

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to most efficiently
use the mission's

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limited precious fuel.

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After completing
midcourse corrections,

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the Webb Telescope passes
the orbit of the Moon.

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Webb's initial transformation
is the deployment

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of the sun shield pallets.

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[ORCHESTRAL MUSIC]

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The tower separating the
telescope and instruments

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from the spacecraft
and sun shield is next.

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Next, the aft flap deploys.

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This is key to managing momentum
build-up in fuel consumption.

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This structure helps
to balance the pressure

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from the Sun's light
on the Webb Telescope

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around its center of mass.

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After the sun shield pallets
reach their final positions,

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the membrane launch
restraints are released.

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These have kept the sun
shield membrane safely

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in place from final stowage
at the Northrop Grumman

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facility in California
through shipment and launch.

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The sun shield protective
covers roll back,

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permitting membrane deployment.

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The covers over the core
region release next.

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Then the mid-booms
extend, and the sun shield

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assumes its hexagonal,
tennis court-size shape.

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[HARMONIOUS MUSIC]

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It is now time to tension
the sun shield membranes--

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each thinner than a human hair--

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pulling each of the uniquely
sized and shaped layers

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to their optimal position.

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When deployed, the sun
shield allows the telescope

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to cool to 385 degrees
Fahrenheit below zero--

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cold enough to liquefy air.

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While the layer closest to
the Sun is almost 190 degrees

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Fahrenheit above zero, nearly
the boiling point of water.

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A difference of
almost 600 degrees--

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truly, fire and ice.

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Once in the shadow of
the deployed sun shield,

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the telescope and
instruments continue

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cooling down to their
final operational cryogenic

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temperatures.

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At the completion of
membrane tensioning,

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the secondary mirror
deploys into position

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and is latched rigidly in place.

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The aft-deployable radiator
releases and springs

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into position, allowing
the instruments to radiate

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their waste heat directly
into space and away

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from the telescope.

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Disposing of excess heat
is crucial to the mission,

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so that it does not overwhelm
the faint infrared signals

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to be collected from the cosmos.

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The cord fold wings
deploy and latch in place,

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completing the major
deployments of the largest

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telescope in space.

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[TRIUMPHANT MUSIC]

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As the Webb Telescope
continues out

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to its operational orbit
around the Sun-Earth L2,

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the observatory
continues to cool down

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to its final cryogenic
temperature state.

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A trajectory correction
applied 29 days

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after launch puts the Webb
Telescope into its halo orbit--

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a key part of the
mission design.

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The Sun-Earth L2 point is where
Webb's orbit around the sun is

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synchronized with Earth's.

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At this point-- one
million miles from Earth--

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Webb is free from the
thermal influences

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of the Earth and all eclipses.

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Additionally, the
Sun, Earth, and Moon--

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the brightest
objects in the sky--

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are hidden by the
deployed sun shield,

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giving Webb a dark, cold, and
stable environment to carry out

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its mission of discovery.

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Once the mirrors and detectors
are sufficiently cold,

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the wavefront sensing and
control operations can begin.

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This sophisticated multi-step
operation's ultimate goal

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is to position each of the Webb
Telescope's movable mirrors

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into their correct final
positions and orientations.

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Once the mirrors are
aligned, the mission team

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will continue checking out
the science instruments,

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preparing them for operations.

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Commissioning is completed
about 160 days after launch.

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And the science mission
is ready to begin.

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This brings to fruition the
work of the thousands of members

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of the Webb team from the United
States of America, Canada,

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and Europe.

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Astronomers from
all over the world

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can now use this facility
to study the universe.

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NASA's James Webb Space
Telescope is a game changer.

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Discoveries made
by this observatory

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will rewrite textbooks,
inspiring the next generation

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of future engineers
and scientists.

00:11:09.830 --> 00:11:13.120 align:middle line:90%


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This revolutionary tool will
provide an unprecedented view

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into the birth of the
first stars and galaxies,

00:11:20.680 --> 00:11:22.990 align:middle line:84%
unleashing a new
dawn of discovery.

00:11:22.990 --> 00:11:31.990 align:middle line:90%


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[SOFT PIANO MUSIC]

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