WEBVTT FILE

1
00:03.200 --> 00:07.418
🎵 [music] 🎵

2
00:11.246 --> 00:13.966
KIDS: Our World!

3
00:14.796 --> 00:17.916
EVAN: You know Globey, here on
Earth we have 3 basic

4
00:17.918 --> 00:22.788
types of rocks: Igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic
rocks.

5
00:22.790 --> 00:26.258
Scientists classify the rocks
by the way they were made.

6
00:26.260 --> 00:31.230
Igneous rocks are formed when
lava from a volcano cools and
hardens.

7
00:31.231 --> 00:36.068
Igneous rocks are also formed
when magma cools below Earth's
surface.

8
00:36.070 --> 00:39.505
Sedimentary rocks are formed
when the elements wear rocks

9
00:39.506 --> 00:43.075
down into tiny particles of
dust, sand, and soil.

10
00:43.076 --> 00:45.778
Wind and water help move these
particles around

11
00:45.780 --> 00:48.013
and deposits them into layers.

12
00:48.015 --> 00:52.918
As time passes, these layers
are cemented together and
harden into new rocks.

13
00:52.920 --> 00:56.455
Metamorphic rocks form when
sedimentary or igneous rocks

14
00:56.456 --> 01:00.826
change after being exposed to
extreme heat or pressure
without melting.

15
01:01.896 --> 01:07.233
As conditions on Earth change,
rocks may change from one type
to another.

16
01:07.235 --> 01:10.903
Sedimentary rocks can change
into metamorphic rocks or,

17
01:10.905 --> 01:13.773
if they melt, into igneous
rocks.

18
01:13.775 --> 01:17.643
Igneous rocks can change into
sedimentary or metamorphic
rocks.

19
01:17.645 --> 01:22.015
And metamorphic rocks can
change into sedimentary or
igneous rocks.

20
01:22.016 --> 01:25.585
Scientists call these changes
the rock cycle.

21
01:25.586 --> 01:29.221
But NASA scientists want to
study rocks from other places,

22
01:29.223 --> 01:31.523
like the moon and Mars as well.

23
01:31.525 --> 01:35.361
They want to see if other rocks
are like the rocks found here
on Earth.

24
01:35.363 --> 01:38.665
By studying rocks from the moon
or Mars, scientists can

25
01:38.666 --> 01:41.133
learn a lot about how the land
was formed and how it

26
01:41.135 --> 01:44.603
has changed over time - the
history of the rocks.

27
01:44.605 --> 01:47.440
They can tell how the geologic
history of another

28
01:47.441 --> 01:50.710
planet compares to the geologic
history of Earth.

29
01:52.346 --> 01:55.615
During the Apollo missions to
the moon 40 years ago,

30
01:55.616 --> 01:59.551
astronauts brought back dozens
of rock samples from the moon's
surface.

31
01:59.553 --> 02:04.490
Today scientists from all over
the world have a chance to
study these lunar rocks.

32
02:04.491 --> 02:07.360
And by studying the rocks,
scientists have discovered

33
02:07.361 --> 02:11.263
that the rocks on the moon can
be classified into 3 basic
types, too.

34
02:11.265 --> 02:14.933
The first is lunar basalt. This
type of moon rock is

35
02:14.935 --> 02:17.570
similar to volcanic lava found
on earth.

36
02:17.571 --> 02:22.075
It starts on the moon in a lava
state and then cools to form a
hard rock.

37
02:23.345 --> 02:26.511
The second type of moon rock is
called anorthosite which

38
02:26.513 --> 02:31.316
forms from the cooling of a
large ocean of magma shortly
after the Moon was formed.

39
02:32.475 --> 02:35.221
Lunar breccia is the third type
of rock.

40
02:35.223 --> 02:37.723
Light areas of the breccias are
either pieces of

41
02:37.725 --> 02:40.093
anorthosite or unmelted rock.

42
02:40.095 --> 02:43.161
The dark areas are either
basalt or melted rocks

43
02:43.163 --> 02:45.998
from meteoroids hitting the
surface

44
02:46.000 --> 02:49.535
Thanks to the lunar samples
brought back by NASA
astronauts,

45
02:49.536 --> 02:52.205
scientists finally know what
the moon is made of.

46
02:52.206 --> 02:55.541
[Globey sfx]
No Globey...it's NOT CHEESE!

47
02:56.576 --> 03:00.413
But scientists aren't the only
ones who get to view the
lunar samples.

48
03:00.415 --> 03:03.115
The Lunar Sample Laboratory
Facility at NASA's

49
03:03.116 --> 03:06.085
Johnson Space Center also lends
moon rocks out to

50
03:06.086 --> 03:08.488
educators and museums around
the world.

51
03:08.490 --> 03:12.625
Some of the samples have been
preserved in round discs of
clear Lucite.

52
03:12.626 --> 03:15.561
People who have had special
training take those samples

53
03:15.563 --> 03:18.431
to classrooms and museums so
many other people can see

54
03:18.433 --> 03:20.866
what these special lunar rocks
look like.

55
03:20.868 --> 03:24.070
A few museums have their own
moon rock on display.

56
03:24.138 --> 03:27.478
So you can visit a museum and
see a real moon rock in person!

57
03:28.476 --> 03:30.810
The Lunar rock samples brought
back from the moon

58
03:30.878 --> 03:33.413
40 years ago still provide
meaningful data

59
03:33.415 --> 03:35.615
to scientists all over the
world.

60
03:35.616 --> 03:38.216
They continue to teach us how
the rock cycle on the moon is

61
03:38.218 --> 03:42.888
similar in many ways to how
rocks change on earth...or even
other planets.

62
03:42.890 --> 03:46.693
So now you know how rocks grow
and change beneath our feet...

63
03:46.761 --> 03:49.111
thanks to the rock cycle!

64
03:49.180 --> 03:53.031
? [music] ?

65
03:58.850 --> 04:01.933
KIDS: Our World!