WEBVTT

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🎵 [music] 🎵

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KIDS: Our World!

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EVAN: Hey, Globey. What am I
doing?

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Well, I’m writing my journal.

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What’s a journal? Well, a
journal is a book where people

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can write down their thoughts
feelings, and ideas.

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Some people write in a journal
every day.

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People also keep scientific
notebooks to record exactly

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what they are doing or
observing during a special

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activity. In fact, you may
write in a science notebook

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when you’re conducting
scientific experiments.

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Not only is writing fun. But it
also helps you remember your

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thoughts and ideas once you’ve
written them down.

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Let me give you an example.
Here’s a quote I wrote down the

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other day because I thought it
was really interesting.

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Ah, here it is:
“If I have seen further, it is

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by standing on the shoulders of
giants.”

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So, what do these words mean?

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To me, this quote means that
this person believes he was

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able to accomplish great things
because he built his ideas off

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the work that was done by great
people before him.

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And he wants to give them
credit for their ideas and for

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inspiring him. Do you know who
wrote those words?

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I’ll give you a hint. Some
people consider him the

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greatest scientist that ever
lived.

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His name was Sir Isaac Newton,
a famous physicist,

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mathematician, and astronomer.

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In 1675 he wrote the now famous
quote about standing on the

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shoulders of giants in a letter
to Robert Hooke, another great

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scientist of the 17th century.

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You may not know this, but
Robert Hooke was the first

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person to use the word “cell”
to describe the basic

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unit of life. Newton developed
many ideas that changed the way

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we look at our world. Using
ideas from an Italian monk,

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Newton built the world’s first
working reflecting telescope.

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The telescopes that NASA uses
today are much more powerful

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than Newton’s, but they still
use his ideas about mirrors to

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bend and magnify images,

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letting us see much farther
into the universe.

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So we owe Newton a great deal
of thanks.

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Just like Galileo and Leonardo
da Vinci, Newton wrote down his

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ideas in journals. Over the
years, Newton was able to look

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back at his journals to prove
new theories that even today

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help us understand much more
about the world of science.

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Of course you know about
another famous scientist who

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was known for filling up
journal after journal with

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words and pictures...Albert
Einstein.

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Today, people refer to Einstein
as the

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“Father of Modern Physics.”

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Albert Einstein published over
300 papers on many different

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scientific topics. That’s a lot
of writing.

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But he did it because he wanted
to get his ideas down on paper,

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and he wanted to share his
thoughts with as many people

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as possible. George Washington
Carver used his journals to

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teach farmers to rotate their
cotton crops with peanuts and

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sweet potatoes in order to keep
the soil healthy.

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When there were too many
peanuts for the market,

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Carver invented more than 300
ways to use the peanut and kept

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daily notes about the results
of his peanut experiments.

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And Annie Jump Cannon’s notes
and diagrams of the night sky

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became the first published
catalogs of stars.

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Her detailed journals helped
develop a classification system

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for stars that is still used
today. But scientists aren’t

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the only ones who keep
journals. Our world might be

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very different if it weren’t
for the stories written down by

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famous explorers like
Meriwether Lewis and

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William Clark. In detailed
diaries, Lewis and Clark

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described the natural wonders,
the unique plants and animals,

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and the people they encountered
as they traveled across what is

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now the western part of the
United States.

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The nearly 5,000 pages they
wrote during the two year

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expedition guaranteed these two
men an important place in

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history and let us see what our
country looked like during

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their time. We can learn so
much about people and their

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discoveries by reading the
journals they leave behind.

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No one knows exactly what
happened to Amelia Earhart on

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her last flight over the
Pacific Ocean, but we do know

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from her journals why she
decided to become a pilot.

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After a 10 minute flight over
Los Angeles in an open cockpit

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biplane, Amelia wrote, “As soon
as we left ground I knew myself

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I had to fly.”

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What about today’s scientists
and explorers?

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Do they still write their
thoughts and observations in

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journals? Of course they do!

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They may not write in actual
notebooks.

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They may use computers. But
they still make careful

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observations and record their
discoveries in great detail.

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Let’s check in with some
modern-day explorers...

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astronauts on-board the
International Space Station.

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Right now they’re conducting
experiments and writing down

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their findings so other
scientists can study the

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results. The International
Space Station is the largest

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man-made satellite that orbits
Earth, and many nations across

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our world are involved with
their exciting project.

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Every day astronauts conduct
different kinds of experiments

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to help us understand more
about living in space.

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These experiments may show us
how the body changes in space,

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or which plants will grow in
space,

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or even what water does in
space. The astronauts make

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careful notes about the
experiments.

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These journals are sent back to
Earth where scientists can

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study what the astronauts
learned and conduct

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additional experiments. But
another important reason for

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astronauts to write in a
journal on board the

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International Space Station is
so NASA can keep track of how

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our astronauts feel on a day to
day basis. Being in space for

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a long period of time can have
negative effects on people’s

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emotions. It can also be very
challenging to live in a

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confined space for such a long
period of time.

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So NASA asks the astronauts on
board the International Space

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Station to keep a daily
journal, where they can write

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down their thoughts and
feelings about living in space.

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This helps NASA scientists and
engineers back on Earth do a

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better job of designing the
living areas on board the ISS

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or on future spacecraft, making
it easier for astronauts to be

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on long term trips to the Moon,
Mars, or beyond.

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But the information scientists
learn from the astronauts’

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journals will do more than just
help future space missions.

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The lessons also apply to
explorations where people spend

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long periods of time alone or
in small and cramped living

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conditions. Think about
explorers in the Antarctic or

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sailors living on board
submarines that sail deep below

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the ocean’s surface. And much
of what we learn from the

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astronauts on-board the ISS can
actually help you and me

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make good choices about things
like sleep, exercise, and food.

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Wow Globey, it sure is
important to keep a journal.

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So many famous scientists and
explorers were able to achieve

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great things because they could
look back at what they had

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written in their journals, and
what a great way to share what

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they were learning first-hand.

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You many want to start writing
a journal yourself. Writing can

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be fun. And who knows what
discoveries you can come up

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with when you have the chance
to look back at your previous

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thoughts and ideas. Who knows,
maybe the next generation of

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scientist and explorers and
scientists may be sanding on

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your shoulders.

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? [music] ?

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KIDS: Our World!

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